Black Hawk did not believe this treaty was valid and vowed not to give in to the government. The Treaty of 1804 ceded all this land to the government and ultimately started the Black Hawk War in 1832. At this time it included approximately 4,000 Sac and Fox people. One of the largest Indian villages in North America was Saukenuk located between the Rock and Mississippi rivers in Illinois. The Sac and Fox of the Missouri band were finally settled to the northeast corner of Kansas.
The Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri people and their ancestors have been historically located in Canada, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska. The Sac social organization consisted of clans : Bear, Sturgeon, Thunder and Wolf. The Sac and Fox people lived in bark houses in small villages. The Sac and Fox Nation are Algonquian speaking people and are of the Woodland culture. The Sauk/Sac were called the 'People of the Yellow Earth' which distinguishes them from the Foxes who were called the 'Red Earth People'. Despite the many hardships that they have faced over the years, which included losing the majority of their land and people, they have remained a viable group who are proud of their ancestors and heritage. The Sac and Fox people have long been known for their cultural independence. Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska
